現在閲覧可能な改訂版のタイトルは、"Mali files an application with the Court concerning a dispute with Algeria"であるのに対して、当初の版は"Mali institutes proceedings against Algeria"となっていましたので、原告提訴を表現する動詞が修正されたことが分かります。この点、請求訴状の提出による一方的提訴の場合には、後者の表現を用いるのがむしろ通例でした(最近の例では、リトアニア提訴事件、フランス提訴事件、スーダン提訴事件)。したがって、いったんはそれに倣ったにもかかわらず、今回書記局が異なる表現に変更した上で訂正版を発出した理由が何かが気になるわけですが、ありうる1つの説明は、マリの請求訴状が援用する裁判管轄権の基礎が応訴管轄のみであり、規則38条5項に基づき(アルジェリアが裁判所の管轄権に同意するまで)総件名簿に記載しない運用であることの反映ということが挙げられます。事実、9か国を相手取ったマーシャル諸島提訴事件の請求訴状は、うち6か国にとの関係では応訴管轄のみが裁判管轄権の基礎であったところ、書記局のプレスリリースは今回と同様の表現を用いていましたので、当該先例を踏まえた修正とみることができます。
Ukraine & Netherlands v. Russiaの本案判決が下されました。欧州人権条約上の「管轄」概念から責任法上の行為帰属まで多岐にわたる注目判断を含んでおり、早くも解説が出てきていますが、ここではあまり取り上げられない並行手続との関係をめぐる裁判所の判断について触れておきたいと思います。
1649. The unprecedented nature of the present case is further underlined by the fact that, in May 2023, the Council of Europe established a Register of Damage Caused by the Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The express purpose of this Register is to “serve as a record, in documentary form, of evidence and claims information on damage, loss or injury caused to all natural and legal persons concerned, as well as the State of Ukraine (including its regional and local authorities, State-owned or controlled entities), caused on or after 24 February 2022 in the territory of Ukraine within its internationally recognised borders, extending to its territorial waters, by Russian Federation’s internationally wrongful acts in or against Ukraine” (see paragraph 91 above and B352). According to its Statute, the work of the Register is intended to constitute the first component of a future international compensation mechanism to be established by a separate international instrument in co-operation with Ukraine (B352). On 2 April 2024 the Register of Damage opened the claims submission process (see paragraph 92 above).
1650. Against this background and given the nature of many of the violations found, the Court considers that the question of the application of Article 41 of the Convention is not yet ready for decision. Moreover, the Court considers that any future award made in respect of the applicant Ukrainian Government in the present case pursuant to Article 41 of the Convention must have due regard to the establishment of the Register of Damages and the ongoing discussions concerning a future compensation mechanism.
1651. As regards the downing of flight MH17, the applicant Dutch Government have invoked the State responsibility of the Russian Federation and the ICAO Council has recently found that State to have failed in its international law obligations in respect of the downing; it is now considering what form of reparations are in order (see paragraphs 131 and 134-137 above) and it will be important to take any further developments in this respect into account when making an award for just satisfaction in respect of the applicant Dutch Government. It will also be important to have regard in this context to the processing of the individual applications lodged before this Court by relatives of those who lost their lives on flight MH17 (see paragraph 18 above).
1652. For these reasons, the Court finds it appropriate to disjoin application no. 28525/20 lodged by the applicant Dutch Government from the remainder of the case to permit the examination of the just satisfaction claims in that application separately.